# Make transactions ## Overview A `cheqd-node` instance can be controlled and configured using the [cheqd Cosmos CLI](https://docs.cheqd.io/product/node-docs/getting-started/cheqd-cli). This document contains the commands for reading and writing token transactions. ## Querying and declaring fees in transactions Our [v3.x upgrade](https://docs.cheqd.io/product/node-docs/validator-guides/upgrades/upgrade-guides/v3.x-upgrade) introduced EIP-1559 style burns, and our [v3.1.x upgrade](https://docs.cheqd.io/product/node-docs/validator-guides/upgrades/upgrade-guides/v3.1.x-upgrade) bumped **minimum gas price** to **5000ncheq**. Therefore, all wallets and applications are recommended to query real-time gas prices from the chain to ensure that they succeed. ### Querying real-time gas prices via CLI ```bash cheqd-noded query feemarket gas-price --node ``` #### Arguments * `denom`: The denomination of the fee. For example, `ncheq` * `--node`: IP address or URL of node to send the request to #### Example ```bash $ cheqd-noded query feemarket gas-price ncheq --node https://rpc.cheqd.network:443 price: amount: "0.500000000000000000" denom: ncheq ``` > **Note**: Use `--output json` to get the output in JSON format. ### Querying real-time gas prices via REST API You can also query real-time gas prices on chain using the REST API, which can be useful for applications that do not use the node CLI. You can fetch this by initiating a GET reqeust to: * **Mainnet**: `https://api.cheqd.net/feemarket/v1/gas_price/ncheq` * **Testnet**: `https://api.cheqd.network/feemarket/v1/gas_price/ncheq` #### Response format for gas prices from REST API ```json { "price": { "denom": "ncheq", "amount": "0.500000000000000000" } } ``` ### Interpreting the real-time gas prices API response There are two ways of interpreting the CLI/API response: 1. **If specifying fees as `gas x gas prices` with `auto` gas calculation** (recommended): Multiply the `price.amount` by 10^4 to derive the *gas price* in `ncheq`. In the example above, this results in gas price `0.5ncheq * (10^4) = 5000ncheq` > **Note:** Consider `10^4` the fee offset multiplier for gas prices. This is because cheqd network uses `ncheq` as the base denomination for gas prices, whereas Cosmos SDK uses `uatom` for this feemarket implementation. The offset factor is not related to the conversion from `ncheq` to `uatom`, but rather to the way the gas prices are calculated in Cosmos SDK. 2. **If specifying fixed fees as `--fees`**: The `price.amount` value represents the exact fee to pay in CHEQ, whereas the `price.denom` gives the units it should be expressed in. If the network is congested, the fee may be higher than the example value shown. Therefore, it is recommended to multiply by a factor of 2 or more to ensure the transaction is processed when using `--fees`, as this method does not have the benefit of auto gas calculation. In the example above, this becomes `0.5 CHEQ * 2 * 10^9 = 1,000,000,000ncheq` (1 CHEQ). The [**Submitting transactions**](#submitting-transactions) section below explains further how fees can be specified with transactions. ### Suggested static gas price values The most **fool-proof method** of ensuring your transaction succeeds is by querying the on-chain gas prices as described above. This fetches the real-time gas prices on the network, based on current congestion. If, however, your application is **unable** to query on-chain prices for some reason, you *may* be able to use the following static gas price values: * Low (minimum gas price): `5000ncheq` * Medium: `7500ncheq` * High: `10000ncheq` Please note that without querying the real-time prices, these ranges might not satisfy requirements during periods of peak congestion, but will likely meet the required gas prices in 90% of scenarios at the peak. ## Submitting transactions In our documentation, you will come across terms like *gas* and *gas prices*. *Fees* are calculated as follows: `fees = gas x gas-adjustment x gas-prices` There are important changes to particular values for *gas adjustment* and *gas prices* since the [v3.x](https://docs.cheqd.io/product/node-docs/validator-guides/upgrades/upgrade-guides/v3.x-upgrade) and [v3.1.x upgrade](https://docs.cheqd.io/product/node-docs/validator-guides/upgrades/upgrade-guides/v3.1.x-upgrade), which are reflected below. ### Generic transaction command ```bash cheqd-noded tx --gas auto --gas-adjustment --gas-prices --chain-id --node ``` #### Arguments * `--chain-id`: E.g., `cheqd-mainnet-1` (for mainnet), `cheqd-testnet-6` (for testnet). This parameter is typically mandatory * `--gas`: Either a specific value, or `auto` (recommended) * `--gas-adjustment`: Usually, the auto-calculated gas value fluctuates, so you're recommended to boost the gas value by this multiplication factor. Since our v3.x upgrade, the **recommended value is 1.7 or more**. * `--gas-prices`: From v3.1.x upgrade onwards, the **minimum gas price is 5000ncheq**. Recommendation is to either query real-time gas prices, or use the static values. * `--node` (optional): IP address or URL of node's RPC endpoint to send request to, e.g., `https://rpc.cheqd.net`, `http:localhost:26657`. This is not necessary when executing on a node itself. #### Alternative method for setting fees Instead of using `--gas`, `--gas-adjustment`, and `--gas-prices`, you can also specify fixed fees for a transaction using the `--fees` flag, which is the maximum fee limit that is allowed for the transaction. `--fees` needs to be specified in `ncheq` units or 10^-9 CHEQ. For example, `5000ncheq` is 0.000005 CHEQ. The fee is in `ncheq` units. Refer to the section above for obtaining gas prices that help determine the fee amount. #### Status codes Pay attention at return status code. It should be 0 if a transaction is submitted successfully. Otherwise, an error message may be returned. #### Example ```bash $ cheqd-noded tx bank send alice cheqd10dl985c76zanc8n9z6c88qnl9t2hmhl5rcg0jq 10000ncheq --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.7 --gas-prices 5000ncheq --chain-id cheqd-testnet-6 --node http://localhost:26657 ``` ## General ledger queries For most general ledger queries, use the `--help` flag for any command/sub-command to understand the possible parameters and values. ### Command ```bash cheqd-noded query --node ``` #### Arguments * `--node`: IP address or URL of node to send the request to ### Example ```bash cheqd-noded query bank balances cheqd1lxej42urme32ffqc3fjvz4ay8q5q9449f06t4v --node https://rpc.cheqd.network ```